Gas exchange (respiration) is the primary function of the lungs. They bring oxygen into the body (inspiration/inhalation) and send out carbon dioxide (expiration, exhalation). This kit includes signatures related to anatomy, physiology with additional stressors.

KIT CONTENTS

Alveolar ducts

The alveolar duct wall is formed by alveoli and sparse bundles of smooth muscle that run through the thin alveolar duct wall and condense around the opening of the alveoli, creating a sphincter-like structure.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128029008000099

Alveoli

The body has about 600 million alveoli. Alveoli are small air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Capillaries in the walls of the alveoli carry blood that moves carbon dioxide into the alveoli and takes up oxygen from air the alveoli. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/how-lungs-work#

Asthma

An allergic response that may cause the airways to swell and the passageways for air to narrow.

Blood-Air-Barrier

The blood–air barrier is also called the alveolar–capillary membrane. This membrane prevents air bubbles from forming in the blood and blood from entering the alveoli.  The barrier is permeable to oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gasses. It has three layers of “capillary endothelium, alveolar epithelium, and the extracellular matrix (ECM), which has a band of type IV collagen in the center that provides the necessary strength for the barrier.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803621/#

Bronchi

The left and right bronchus (plural bronchi) are ‘tubes’ that connect to your trachea (windpipe) and direct inhaled air to the lungs. In the lungs, the bronchi branch into progressively narrower secondary and tertiary bronchi. These further branch into numerous smaller tubes, the bronchioles.  

Bronchial Mucosa

The bronchial mucosa that lines the interior of the bronchi is composed of a “pseudostratified mucociliated epithelium.”

Bronchial tubes

Bronchioles

The smallest section of the bronchi are called bronchioles at the end of which are the alveoli (plural of alveolus). carry air into the lungs and branch into smaller and smaller bronchioles. These end in alveoli (air sacs).

Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis and bronchitis have similar symptoms, including inflammation causing mucus in the lungs and coughing. But bronchiectasis causes permanent widening of your airways and bronchitis is a temporary.

Carbon Dioxide

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

COPD, refers to a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems. It includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Cystic fibrosis

In cystic fibrosis, the airways fill with thick, sticky mucus, making it difficult to breathe. The thick mucus is also an ideal breeding ground for bacteria and fungi. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder…” https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystic-fibrosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353700#

Diaphragm, thoracic

Inhalation and exhalation are how your body brings in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. The process gets help from a large dome-shaped muscle under your lungs called the diaphragm. When you breathe in, your diaphragm pulls downward, creating a vacuum that causes a rush of air into your lungs. The opposite happens with exhalation: Your diaphragm relaxes upward, pushing on your lungs, allowing them to deflate.” https://www.webmd.com/lung/how-we-breathe

Ears

The ear, nose, and throat are part of the upper respiratory system and they share the same mucous membranes. https://www.bergerhenryent.com/the-interconnected-world-of-the-ear-nose-throat/

Larynx

Voicebox.

Lung, Right

Right lung has three lobes.

Lung, Left

Left lung has two lobes.

Mouth/oral cavity

Mucus

"The respiratory epithelium is lined by mucus, a gel consisting of water, ions, proteins, and macromolecules. The major macromolecular components of mucus are the mucin glycoproteins, which are critical for local defense of the airway.” Mucus traps debris, bacteria, viruses. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29170036/#

Nasal Mucosa

Nose

Oxygen

Pharynx

“Pharynx — is the muscle-lined space that connects the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus (eating tube). Larynx — also known as the voice box, the larynx is a cylindrical grouping of cartilages, muscles and soft tissue that contains the vocal cords.” https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/throat-anatomy-and-physiology

Pleura, Parietal

“A pleura is a serous membrane that folds back on itself to form a two-layered membranous pleural sac. The outer layer is called the parietal pleura and attaches to the chest wall. The inner layer is called the visceral pleura and covers the lungs, blood vessels, nerves, and bronchi.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519048/

Pleura, Visceral

Respiratory Acidosis / Hypoventilation

Respiratory acidosis is a state in which decreased ventilation hypoventilation increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and decreases the blood's pH (a condition generally called acidosis).” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_acidosis

Respiratory Alkalosis  / Hyperventilation

“Respiratory alkalosis is a pathology that is secondary to hyperventilation. Hyperventilation typically occurs in response to an insult such as hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, pain, anxiety, or increased metabolic demand.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482117

Respiratory Centre: Medulla oblongata & Pons

The respiratory center is located in the medulla oblongata and is involved in the minute-to-minute control of breathing.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5368202/

Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease causing groups of cells to form clusters of inflamed tissue called granulomas. These can form in the lungs and lymph nodes. 

Trachea

Quantity: 30 Vials

Model: LUN

Note: Ergopathics test kits are not intended to diagnose, prevent, treat or cure any disease, disorder or abnormal physical state. The vials contain ethanol and water and the process used to imprint them with electromagnetic signatures has not been tested or validated by any scientific method and is not approved by any regulatory authority. They are intended for use solely by qualified providers to support wellness and manage stress. Vials do not contain any substances classified as a DINs of NHPs by Health Canada.