Code | Name | Type | Location And Role | Comments |
BB51 | n-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine | | builds and maintains the matrix of collagen6 and connective tissue that forms the ground substance of cartilage | inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn’s disease |
BB52 | Anandamide | | pain control; may be used by the brain as a central fine-tuner of electrical activity; inhibits movement; involved with mood; short-term memory; male fertility (high levels slow speed of sperm); acts as a chemical messenger between the embryo and uterus during implantation of the embryo in the uterine wall; may control coughing and various respiratory functions; may increase appetite | also known as “the bliss molecule” (ananda is Sanskrit for bliss) and the body’s own cannabis (cannabis binds to the same receptors as anandamide); chocolate contains anandamide; may be involved in crohn’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, drug addiction, schizophrenia, autism and Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome |
BB53 | Collagen Type I | | 90% of the collagen in human body; present in bone, skin (associated with type III collagen6) and tendons | in foetal and diseased tissue, type I collagen has been reported as having a different structure |
BB54 | Collagen Type II | | 30% of hyaline and elastic cartilage is composed of type II collagen; present in inter-vertebral discs and the vitreous body of the eye | |
BB55 | Collagen Type III | | the major collagen found in skin, blood vessels and internal organs such as the smooth muscle layers of the gastrointestinal tract | |
BB56 | Collagen Type V | | a minor collagen as it is present in less than 10% of the total collagen in any tissue; usually found with type I6 collagen and type III6 collagen in bone, tendon, cornea, skin, blood vessels and lungs; during foetal development, basement membranes originally contain type V collagen before being replaced to type IV collagen | |
BB57 | Complement C3* | protein | part of non-specific immune response; turned into complement 3b which enhances phagocytosis (ingestion and destruction of cell debris, microbes and other foreign matter) ; most abundant of complement proteins | low levels of C3 often seen in gram negative septicemia, shock, lupus, fungal infections and some parasitic infections such as malaria; increased complement activity seen in cancer and ulcerative colitis; decreased complement activity in hepatitis and liver cirrhosis |
BB58 | Complement C5a* | protein | part of non-specific immune response; contributes to the development of inflammation by dilating arterioles and causing release of histamine2 | increased complement activity seen in cancer and ulcerative colitis; decreased complement activity in hepatitis and liver cirrhosis |
BB59 | Complement Factor B* | protein | part of non-specific immune response; activates complement C36 and so the immune response | increased complement activity seen in cancer and ulcerative colitis; decreased complement activity in hepatitis and liver cirrhosis |
BB60 | Complement Factor D* | protein | part of non-specific immune response; activates complement C36 and so the immune response | increased complement activity seen in cancer and ulcerative colitis; decreased complement activity in hepatitis and liver cirrhosis |
BB61 | Complement Factor I* | protein | part of non-specific immune response; recognizes repetitive sugar structures found in cell membranes of bacteria and viruses but not in humans; triggers reactions that activate complement C36 and C5 and so the immune response | increased complement activity seen in cancer and ulcerative colitis; decreased complement activity in hepatitis and liver cirrhosis |
BB62 | Complement Factor P*/ Properdin | protein | part of non-specific immune response; activates complement C36 and so the immune response | increased complement activity seen in cancer and ulcerative colitis; decreased complement activity in hepatitis / cirrhosis |
BB63 | Elastin | protein | with fibrillin forms elastic fibres which are strong but can be stretched up to 150% of their relaxed length without breaking; form a network within tissues particularly skin, blood vessel walls and lung tissue | with age thickens, fragments and acquires an affinity for calcium so may also be associated with development of atherosclerosis |
BB64 | Erythropoietin/ EPO | hormone | produced by kidneys; formed from a plasma protein, stimulates red blood production | increased blood levels in anaemia |
BB65 | Exendin (9-39) | peptide | reduces glucose levels; competes for the same brain receptors as GLP16 and so blocks the effect of GLP1 and stimulates appetite | has been shown to acutely increase food intake and promote weight gain in long-term rodent studies; influence on type 2 diabetes |
BB66 | Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/ GLP1 | hormone | produced in intestinal endocrine cells; stimulates production of insulin1; inhibits production of glucagon3 and gastric emptying; reduces appetite; lowers blood glucose in people with diabetes | biological activity is arrested by Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV6 |
BB67 | Glucosamine-6-phosphate | | the form that occurs in the body; “glues” structures together; forms an integral part of cell membranes; influences cell to cell communication; important for joint surfaces, tendons, ligaments, synovial fluid, skin, bone, nails and mucus secretions of the digestive,respiratory and urinary tracts | important in osteorathritis and cartilage health generally; the supplement glucosamine sulphate may be used when the body is short of this |
BB68 | Glutathione Peroxidase | enzyme | involved in conversion of hydrogen peroxide7 within the body; protection against free radical damage; reduces the production of inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes | children with asthma have significantly reduced blood levels; may be involved in schizophrenia; levels reduced if selenium deficiency |
BB69 | Nociceptin/ Orphanin FQ2 | peptide | present in many areas of the CNS; believed to play a role in pain transmission; amplifies pain and enhances harmless stimuli into painful sensations | |
BB70 | Nocistatin | peptide | counteracts the effect of nociceptin6 | |
BB71 | Orexin B | neuropeptide | generated when blood sugar levels drop, so acting as a trigger to eat | people who over-eat may possibly produce too much orexin; lack of orexin has been linked to narcolepsy (sleep disorder characterized by sudden sleeping) |
BB72 | Phosphatidyl-inositol | | important component of biological membranes; supervises division of cells and metabolism | in some skincare products and lipsticks |
BB73 | Superoxide Dismutase/ SOD | enzyme | antioxidant produced naturally in the body; combats the damage to cells caused by the superoxide radical | supplementation of SOD has been shown to exert strong regenerative effects on tissues that have become hardened or fibrotic because of age, disease, or injury; may be anti-ageing |
BB74 | Tumour necrosis factor alpha | protein | produced by macrophages, which engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances; role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses throughout the body and particularly in relation to some parasites | asthma, eczema, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, multiple sclerosis, cancer; may be involved in septicaemia, and the weight loss associated with parasitic infection or cancer |
BB75 | Ubiquitin/ APF-1 | | essential for protein degradation and cell cycling; DNA repair; cellular stress responses; various enzymes attach ubiquitin to body proteins; these enzymes are known as ubiquitin ligases.; when a protein bears many ubiquitin molecules, it is targeted for degradation by the proteasome, a huge enzyme complex; when few ubiquitins are attached, they may serve structural, regulatory, or trafficking functions | |
